Gingivitis is an inflammation of the gums and is often referred to simply as gum disease. It is thought that at some stage in our lives each of us will be affected to some degree by the condition.

What causes gingivitis and who can get it?

Gingivitis is caused by a build up of plaque. This sticky substance is made of bacteria that irritate the gums, causing them to become red, inflamed and swollen.

The condition is often caused by poor dental hygiene. However, it can also be brought on by:

• Injury to gums
• Misaligned teeth
• Poor diet
• Smoking
• Stress
• Pregnancy

Everyone is capable of getting gingivitis and it is thought that everybody will get it to some degree during their lifetime.

What are the signs and symptoms of gingivitis?

Gingivitis is characterised by swelling and redness of the gums.  It can also cause gums to bleed, especially when brushed, and make them tender to the touch. Bad breath is also associated with the condition.

If left untreated there is a possibility that the gingivitis may progress to peridontitis – a condition that can lead to teeth becoming loose and eventually falling out.

How is gingivitis normally diagnosed and treated?

The condition is generally diagnosed by the signs and symptoms.

Treatment will include a dental health professional cleaning the teeth to rid them of the harmful bacteria that are causing the gingivitis. If necessary an anti-bacterial mouthwash may be prescribed.

The most effective way to treat and/or guard against gingivitis is to practice good oral hygiene. A good routine should include:

• Brushing twice daily – once first thing in the morning, and once last thing at night
• Flossing daily, or at least three – four time a week
• Using mouthwash

Can it be prevented?

Regular dental checks will help to prevent gingivitis and also detect early signs of the condition occurring.

Practicing good oral hygiene, maintaining a healthy diet and not smoking will also help combat gingivitis.

When should I seek medical help?

Advice from a dentist should be sought when the gums become irritated, swollen or bleed. If normal dental measures do not improve the situation, medical advice may be needed, including blood tests.

Looking forward

If gingivitis is suspected an appointment should be made to see a dental health professional. Gaining treatment for gingivitis should mange the condition and ensure that it does not progress into anything more serious.

For more help and information

NHS Direct – Gingivitis and peridontitis

Last reviewed by Great Ormond Street Hospital: 20 May 2008

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