Moebius syndrome is a rare condition which affects some of the nerves of the face. People with the condition can’t move their eyes from side to side, or use the muscles which control their facial expressions. This means that they have to move their heads to look around, rather than their eyes, and will often appear expressionless.

What causes Moebius syndrome and who can get it?

The face is controlled by 12 nerves connected directly to the brain (cranial nerves), which are numbered one - 12. The sixth and seventh cranial nerves have not fully developed in Moebius syndrome.

The sixth (abducent nerve) controls side-to-side eye movement and blinking. The seventh (facial nerve) tells your face how to pull different expressions. It also controls the taste buds on most of your tongue. Sometimes other cranial nerves are also affected, which can cause problems such as swallowing difficulties.

The cause of Moebius syndrome is poorly understood, and may be the result of a number of different factors. It is rare to see families with more than one person affected. However, there is a greater chance of having the condition if one of your parents has it. 

What are the signs and symptoms of Moebius syndrome?

The most obvious signs are in your face because you cannot express what you are feeling via your facial expression. This means your face stays the same even if you are happy, sad, shocked or surprised.  You might also move your head from side-to-side to look at things because you can’t move your eyes.

 Moebius syndrome can also affect other parts of the body. Other symptoms might include:

• Webbed fingers or extra toes
• Dry eyes because of reduced blinking
• Problems moving the tongue
• Dental problems
• Hearing problems
• Speech disorders
• Cleft palate

How is it normally diagnosed and treated?

The symptoms can often be spotted in young babies because they are unable to suck properly. They might also dribble more than usual and have crossed eyes. Unfortunately, because the condition is very rare it can take months or even years to be properly diagnosed.

Once Moebius syndrome is correctly diagnosed, different treatments are used to help. Special feeding bottles or feeding tubes may help with nutrition. Therapy can improve both speech and swallowing. Surgery can correct crossed eyes and some problems with the hands or feet. In some cases moving muscles or nerves to the face from other parts of the body may improve the smile.

Looking forward

Scientists are still trying to understand exactly what causes Moebius syndrome. The main impact on your adult life will be a difficulty in expressing yourself facially. Treatment and physical therapy will make your life easier.

For more help and information

Moebius Syndrome Support Group

Contact a Family

Moebius Syndrome Foundation

Last reviewed by Great Ormond Street Hospital:  25 September 2007

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