Painful periods are so common that almost every woman has experienced them at some point.

For some it is a pain which is manageable. But for others it is so uncomfortable that they feel unable to leave the house or do the things they normally do.

 What causes painful periods and who gets it?

The pain that accompanies periods is caused by contractions of the uterus and womb.

The contractions are caused by the release of a hormone called prostaglandin. These are similar to the contractions pregnant woman feel when they go into labour but are a lot milder.

Period pain contractions help you get rid of the delicate lining of the womb so that a new one can be grown ready for a fertilised egg to be implanted at a time when you want to have a baby.

It is an essential part of female fertility – the pain you can experience is just an annoying side effect.
Not everyone feels the pains and they affect different women differently. 

What are the signs and symptoms of painful periods?

Some women feel this pain as a cramping or dull ache in the lower stomach and/or lower back. Others experience these as sharp, stabbing pains.

Some also have other problems before and during their period, like headaches, stomach upsets and faintness.

There are two types of painful periods:

• The primary type in women with no other problems
• The secondary type, often caused by another problem affecting the womb or reproductive system. 

How is period pain normally treated?

While painful periods can be miserable, there are things you can do that can help:

• Putting a heat pack over the lower part of the abdomen can help dull the pain
• Having a warm bath can also help to relax you and dull the pain
• Massage is also another way of helping the pain
• Lying in certain positions, such as curled up with the legs up to the abdomen or lying face down on the bed can be more comfortable
• Light exercise can help – a short walk or a swim can relieve the pain in some people

Medicines can also help painful periods. Some – such a paracetamol and ibuprofen – are available without a prescription from a chemist.

A doctor can prescribe other medicines, including a muscle relaxant. Usually, these medicines only have to be taken for a day or two before, and during, a period.

Some women find painful periods improve when they go on the pill, which can make periods lighter and less painful.

Contraceptive injections are also very helpful for period pains as many girls find their periods stop while on the injection.

When to ask for medical help

If you experience very severe period pain you should make an appointment to see your GP.

Period pains are rarely a sign of anything more worrying but it is always better to have serious pain investigated. At the very least, your doctor may be able to help you find a better way to manage it.

Looking forward

Painful periods can be difficult for women. But with treatment, either at home or from the doctor, they can be made more bearable. 

For more help and information

• Brook offer help and advice to people under 25. You can ring them on 0808 802 1234.
• NHS Direct also have a helpful leaflet on period pain.
• You can also ring the fpa on 084 5310 1334 or visit their website.

Last reviewed by Great Ormond Street Hospital: 25 January 2010

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